<p>The J.G. and Elizabeth S. Vawter House is a historic residence located in Winterset, Iowa, United States. J.G. Vawter settled in Winterset in 1854 and was a local merchant. His wife Elizabeth owned this house. They left the community sometime before 1865. This 2½-story structure is composed of locally quarried limestone. Its construction is attributed to Caleb Clark, and it is the first mansion built in Madison County. It features a main entry with a protruding arched, hood mold and a fan-shaped transom, large windows on the south elevation, lintels with cornices, two stone chimneys, a louvred attic window, and icicle-shaped bargeboards. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The William Anzi Nichols House is a historic residence located east of Winterset, Iowa, United States. Nichols bought an 80 acre farm in 1855 and owned the land until he died in 1867. This house is an early example of a vernacular limestone farmhouse. The 1½-story structure is composed of locally quarried finished cut and rubble limestone. Its construction is attributed to David Harris who was known for laying the stones in a two against one broken bond. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The John and Fredericka Meyer Schnellbacher House is a historic residence located southwest of Winterset, Iowa, United States. The Schnellbachers were native Germans who settled in Madison County in 1855. He farmed 240 acre, and was a preacher affiliated with the Evangelical Association of Ohio. This house is an early example of a vernacular limestone farmhouse. The 1½-story structure is composed of locally quarried stone that is almost ashlar finished and rubble. It features unique window and door surrounds on the main facade, a stone chimney, and an exposed basement. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Richardsons Overland Trail Ranch is a complex of seven ranch buildings at the crossing of the Big Laramie River by the Overland Trail. The ranchs main residence was built as a stage station for the trail in 1862. A corduroy road was built at the same time. By 1864 ranching became established around the stage station, primarily by Tom Alsop, Edward Creighton and Charlie Hutton. With Creighton&#39;s death in 1874 the land was divided between Alsop on the west side of the river and Hutton on the east side. The ranch on the west side became known as the Heart or Hart Ranch. The ranches at the river crossing became part of the larger Riverside Livestock Company.</p><br>
<p>At the beginning of the twentieth century the stage station at the Hart Ranch was sold to D.C. Buntin and James Caldwell, who started a polo pony breeding operation and added buildings. Caldwell committed suicide in the wake of the Teapot Dome Scandal and the ranch was sold. Otto Clausen initially operated the ranch as a dude ranch from 1929, but the Great Depression reduced operations to subsistence farming. Clausen sold to T.H. and Ella Therkkildsen in 1944, who managed the ranch until they passed it on to their daughter Marge and her husband T.H. Richardson in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The main house is a one-story log structure in three sections with interior log partitions. It retains its original character. Other structures include the 1910 polo barn, the so-called "damn good shed," built about 1930 in board-and-batten construction, a log cabin that was moved to the site in the 1930s from Fox Park, the log "Little Cabin," and the "Long Shed," also moved to the site from Fox Park. An intact section of the Overland Trail corduroy road is about 300 ft north of the ranch complex.</p><br>
<p>Richardson&#39;s Overland Trail Ranch was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 5, 1992.</p><br>
<p>The First National Bank of Rock River was built in 1919 in the small community of Rock River, Wyoming, at the peak of a local oil boom and operated from February 1920. The bank closed its doors on April 11, 1923 , Volume 40, Number 16, April 20, 1923) as the oil boom collapsed and its vice president was convicted of embezzlement. The bank went into receivership on June 14, 1923 and its building sold to the new Citizens State Bank, but was claimed by Albany County for back taxes in 1931. In 1936 the county sold the building to the town. It became a civic center for the town, operating a post office until the 1950s. A doctors office had occupied the rear in the 1920s, and in the 1940s apartments were built, which later became the town&#39;s jail. With the departure of the post office the building became a fire station. From 1935 to 1985 the Council Room was used by civic organizations. From 1940 to 1985 another room was the town library.</p><br>
<p>The bank is a one-story brick building covered with stucco over much of the building below the parapet. The front is detailed with engaged Ionic classical columns and an entablature in terra cotta. The narrow end fronts Avenue C. The original vault remains, but most of the interior has been changed several times.</p><br>
<p>The bank was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1988.</p><br>
<p>Earlham College Observatory is a historic observatory building located on the campus of Earlham College at Richmond, Wayne County, Indiana. It was built in 1861, and is a one-story, brick building with a hipped roof. It consists of a 19-foot-square central section topped by a copper dome with a removable section, and flanked by 10-foot by 19-foot sections. Beneath the revolvable dome is a -inch objective lens telescope located in the center of the main block.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Conklin-Montgomery House is a historic home located at Cambridge City, Wayne County, Indiana. It was built between about 1836 and 1838, and is a two-story, five-bay, brick hip and end gable roofed townhouse. It features a two-story, in antis, recessed portico with a second story balcony supported by Ionic order and Doric order columns. Also on the property is a contributing pre-American Civil War gazebo.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is located in the Cambridge City Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Lackey-Overbeck House, also known as the Lackey-Cockefair-Overbeck-Matheis House, is a historic home located at Cambridge City, Wayne County, Indiana. It was built about 1835, and is a two-story, three-bay, frame dwelling with Federal and Greek Revival style design elements. A two-story rear wing was added about 1850.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It is located in the Cambridge City Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Cambridge City Historic District is a national historic district located at Cambridge City, Wayne County, Indiana. The district encompasses 572 contributing buildings and 2 contributing structures in the central business district and surrounding residential sections of Cambridge City. It developed between about 1838 and 1939 and includes representative examples of Greek Revival, Italianate, and Federal style architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed Conklin-Montgomery House and Lackey-Overbeck House. Other notable contributing buildings include the Vinton House , Opera House , Western Wayne Bank , Grand Theater , Knights of Pythias Building , Public Library , USA Post Office , City Building , Crum-Swiggett House , Old Bertsch Foundry , Presbyterian Church , St. Elizabeth&#39;s Roman Catholic Church , and Central School .</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Centerville Historic District is a national historic district located at Centerville, Wayne County, Indiana. The district encompasses 115 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential sections of Centerville. It developed between about 1817 and 1873 and includes representative examples of Greek Revival, Italianate, and Federal style architecture. During this period it was county seat of Wayne County. Located in the district is the separately listed Oliver P. Morton House. Other notable contributing buildings include Mortons Row, Lantz Row, Archway row, Tarkington Homestead , Jacob Julian House , the Mansion House , the Jones House , and the American House .</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Oliver P. Morton House is a historic home located at Centerville, Wayne County, Indiana. It was built in 1848, and is a two-story, three-bay, brick detached row house with Greek Revival style design influences. It has a rear service wing with an attached smokehouse. It was the home of Indiana Governor and USA Senator Oliver P. Morton .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is located in the Centerville Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Witt-Champe-Myers House is a historic home located at Dublin, Wayne County, Indiana. It was built in 1837–38, and is a two-story, Federal style painted brick detached dwelling. It features a two-story front portico with Tuscan order columns on the first story and Doric order columns on the second. Also on the property are the contributing one-room brick house , small brick smokehouse, and brick spring house.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Westcott Stock Farm, also known as Westcott Place Farm, is a historic home and farm located at Centerville, Wayne County, Indiana. The farmhouse was built between 1890 and 1895, and is a large two-story, Queen Anne style brick dwelling. It sits on a brick foundation and features a semi-octagonal bay. Also on the property are the contributing laundry house / tool shed, garage, carriage house, horse barn, bank barn, a small calving shed, and a cistern with a hand-operated pump.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>King–Dennis Farm is a historic home and farm located in Center Township, Wayne County, Indiana. The farmhouse was built about 1840, and is a large two-story, brick I-house. Also on the property are the contributing summer kitchen , poultry house , small barn , livestock barn , milk house , and an equipment barn.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Samuel G. Smith Farm is a historic home and farm located in Center Township, Wayne County, Indiana. The farmhouse was built in 1888, and is a two-story, Italianate style brick dwelling with Queen Anne style design elements. Also on the property are the contributing log house , carriage house, barn, corn crib, chicken house, and ice house.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The McDonald House is a historic residence located west of Winterset, Iowa, United States. William and Barbara McDonald settled in Madison County during the Civil War, and bought this farm in the 1870s. Although not as early as others in the county, this house is a good example of a vernacular limestone farmhouse. This 1½-story structure is composed of locally quarried stone. Its construction is attributed to David Harris, who was one of the last stonemasons still working in the county when this was built. It follows an asymmetrical massed rectangular plan, and it is built on a slightly raised basement. It features two-against-one broken bond, and textured stone characteristic of Harris&#39; work. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Beechwood  is a historic home and farm located in Washington Township, Wayne County, Indiana. It was built in 1871, and is a two-story, Italianate style brick dwelling with a hipped roof topped by a cupola. It features a semicircular stone arched main entry surrounded by a two-story, wrought iron verandah and projecting two-story semi-hexagonal bay. Also on the property are the contributing dairy house, smokehouse, granary, barn, cow shed, and carriage house.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Hiram C. Smith House is a historic residence located west of Winterset, Iowa, United States. Smith was one of the earliest settlers in this township, having acquired the deed to the 280 acre farm between 1854 and 1856. This house is an early example of a vernacular limestone farmhouse. It is a 1½-story, one-room structure composed of rubble stone quarried on the farm and laid in a random bond. Its construction is attributed to Smith, as its rough and simple construction do not reflect the work of any of the stonemasons working in the county at the time it was built. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. His milking shed, built about the same time and on the same property, is also listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Doddridge Chapel and Cemetery is a historic chapel and cemetery located in Washington Township, Wayne County, Indiana. The chapel was built in 1876, and is a one-story, rectangular, Italianate style brick building. It sits on a limestone foundation and has a gable roof topped by a belfry and steeple. The cemetery was established in 1818, and hold approximately 450 graves.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Hiram C. Smith Milking Shed is a historic building located west of Winterset, Iowa, United States. Smith was one of the earliest settlers in this township, having acquired the deed to the 280 acre farm between 1854 and 1856. This building is an early example of a vernacular limestone farm building. It is a single-story, gabled structure composed of rubble stone that was quarried along the Middle River on the farm and laid in a random bond. Its construction is attributed to Smith, as its rough and simple construction do not reflect the work of any of the stonemasons working in the county at the time it was built. The milking shed was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. His single-room house, built about the same time, is also listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Hagerstown I.O.O.F. Hall is a historic Independent Order of Odd Fellows hall located at Hagerstown, Wayne County, Indiana. It was built between 1880 and 1883, and is a three-story, five bay by seven bay, Italianate style brick commercial building. It has a cast iron storefront on the first floor and a low hipped roof. When constructed it had stores on the first floor and an opera house and Odd Fellows hall on the second and third floors.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>John and Caroline Stonebraker House is a historic home located at Hagerstown, Wayne County, Indiana. It was built about 1875, and is a two-story, "L"-plan, Italianate style frame dwelling with a bracketed hipped roof. It is clad in Dutch-lap board with wooden quoins at each corner. It features a wraparound Eastlake movement style porch added about 1890.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>Forest Hills Country Club is a historic country club located in Wayne Township, Wayne County, Indiana. The clubhouse was built in 1927, and is a two-story, stuccoed, Tudor Revival style building. It has a cross-gable roof with half-timbering on the gable ends. William H.  Diddel designed a nine-hole golf course for the Forest Hills Country Club in 1927. In 1931, the club brought Diddel back to add another nine holes. Also on the property are the contributing swimming pool, two maintenance buildings, and two shelters.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>The W.J. and Nettie J. Cornell House, also known as the Samuel G. & Sophia J. Ruby House, and the A. W. & Martha A. Crawford House, is a historic residence located in Winterset, Iowa, United States. Cornell was a banker who hired local contractor Fred Lewis to erect this Queen Anne house from 1893 to 1896. He and his wife lived here for a couple of years when they sold the house to the Rubeys for $5,000 in 1898. Samuel Ruby was a railroad lawyer who served as Consul to Belfast during the Benjamin Harrison administration. The wrap-around porch was added to the house during the Ruby&#39;s occupancy. A. W. Crawford was a grocer who acquired his wealth through land speculation in Texas, while living in Winterset. He was known for his local philanthropy.</p><br>
<p>The 2½-story frame house follows an asymmetrical design that is planned around a simple cross-gable system. It features a facade projection and a second-floor porch on the main facade. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Henry C. Wallace House is a historic residence located in Winterset, Iowa, United States. Wallace was the father of USA Secretary of Agriculture Henry C. Wallace, Jr. and the grandfather of USA Vice President Henry A. Wallace. He was a Presbyterian minister who moved to Winterset in 1877. He bought this Italianate house in 1882 from H.C. Price, who had it built. He and his wife Nanie owned the house for nine years when they sold it in March 1891. While he lived in town he became involved with the local newspaper business and bought the Winterset Chronicle and the Madisonian. He would go on to be the editor of the Iowa Homestead, a leading farm publication in Des Moines, and found Wallace&#39;s Farmer.</p><br>
<p>The two-story frame, Italianate, house features a hip roof, and ornamental iron work on the roof, above the main entry porch, and above the side window bay. At one time it had a wrap around porch. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The C.D. Bevington House and Stone Barn are historic buildings located in Winterset, Iowa, United States. Bevington was a pharmacist who passed through the area in 1849 on his way to the California Gold Rush. He settled in Winterset in 1853 after he made his fortune, and worked as a real estate agent and farmer. The house was built in the vernacular Gothic in 1856. The 2½-story brick structure features Gothic windows in the gable ends and carved bargeboards. The two porches were added around the turn of the 20th century. The two-story barn is composed of coursed rubble limestone. The lower level housed two horse stalls and stanchions for other livestock. A hay loft was on the upper level. The house and barn were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Guiberson House is a historic residence located in Winterset, Iowa, United States. Edwin R. Guiberson settled in Winterset in the late 1840s, and worked as a lot agent selling property after the town was platted. He also served a term as County Judge. Calib Clark, a local stonemason, is credited with building this house from 1861 to 1865. The two-story structure is composed of locally quarried limestone that is laid in a random ashlar pattern. The five bay facade features entry ways in the second and fourth bays. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Laramie Plains Civic Center was established in 1982 in the old East Side School in Laramie, Wyoming. The original portion of the complex was built in 1878 and was the oldest public school building in Wyoming. It was expanded in 1928 and 1939, and closed as a school in 1979. The civic center provides performing, studio and gallery space for visual and performing arts, as well as office and small business space.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The East Side School was established as a high school in 1878, the oldest purpose-built school building in Wyoming. The cornerstone ceremony was a major public event, and was apparently notable for an absence of public drunkenness on that day. The school was expanded in 1928 and 1939. It became a junior high school when a new high school was built and finally closed in 1978. Plans were immediately put into place to adapt the building as a community center, which opened in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The original Italianate brick school had four classrooms on the main level and two above, resembling the first Laramie courthouse. The 1928 expansion was designed by architect Wilbur Hitchcock and was built in a stripped-down Gothic style, with pointed arch accents in limestone panels in an otherwise plain facade. It added classrooms, an auditorium and a gymnasium. The auditorium decoration was unusually detailed, with oil-on-canvas murals 19 ft tall depicting scenes from Wyoming history. The murals were painted by Florence Ware, whose father Walter E. Ware assisted in the design and took over architectural duties after Hitchcock was killed in a car accident in California.</p><br>
<p>The East Side School was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 17, 1981, as part of its transition to its current role as a civic center.</p><br>
<p>The C.D. and Eliza Heath Bevington Privy is a historic building located in Winterset, Iowa, United States. Bevington was a pharmacist who passed through the area in 1849 on his way to the California Gold Rush. He settled in Winterset in 1853 after he made his fortune, and worked as a real estate agent, farmer, livestock dealer, and banker. The 7.5 by structure is composed of roughly squared quarry faced rubble that is laid in a two against one bond. There is a stone vault with a depth of 6 ft beneath the entire structure. The privy served the C.D. Bevington House. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It is now part of a museum complex operated by the Madison County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln School in Laramie, Wyoming was built in 1924 and expanded in 1939 and 1958. Originally called the West Side School, served the less prosperous, largely Hispanic neighborhoods on the west side of Laramie. It was closed in 1978 and became the Lincoln Community Center. It was renovated and expanded in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Property was obtained to build a school in 1884 from the Union Pacific Railroad on what was then considered "the wrong side of the tracks." Compared with the earlier East Side School on the good side of town, the West Side School was smaller and plainer. It was a one-story structure with wood siding. In 1924 shortages of classroom space required a new building, designed by architect Wilbur A. Hitchcock. Replacing the 1884 building, it was a one-story brick structure with a green clay tile hipped roof. At its dedication it was renamed the Lincoln School.</p><br>
<p>In 1936 Public Works Administration (PWA) funding became available for school expansion. William Dubois of Cheyenne was hired as architect for the addition, assisted by F.W. "Fred" Ambrose, who had worked for Hitchcock. Work was completed in 1939, with two new classrooms, a gymnasium, cafeteria and a small performance area. The addition&#39;s style followed the original. A further addition, designed by the sons of Wilbur Hitchcock, W. Eliot and Clinton, added more classrooms.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln School was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 5, 2003. Following its 2012 renovation it continues to operate as a community center.</p><br>
<p>District No. 44 School is a historic one-room school in Taylor Township, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1891 and used until 1954. The school building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011 for having local significance in the theme of education. It was nominated for being a well-preserved example of the one-room schoolhouses once common in rural Traverse County.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>District No. 44 School is a one-story frame building on a concrete block foundation. The central room is about 26 ft by 18 ft. Projecting from the front of the building is a 6 by vestibule. At the rear is an 8 by coal shed, added in 1914. The main room and the vestibule each have a gable roof while the rear section has a simple shed roof. Asphalt shingles cover all three. The school&#39;s main section is topped by a small belfry at the front and a concrete block chimney at the rear.</p><br>
<p>The building has wood clapboard siding, painted white. The primary entrance is centered on the vestibule. There are three sash windows on either side wall of the main room and a single narrow window on either flank of the vestibule.</p><br>
<p>As of 2011 the schools interior has been preserved and restored to show its original function. The vestibule contains coathooks and a few shelves for students lunchboxes, as well as a wash basin. Early-to-mid-20th-century desks, wood benches along the sidewalls, and the original blackboards from 1891 still decorate the classroom. The wood floor and wainscoting are original to the building, while the upper walls and ceiling were modified in the 20th century. At the head of the classroom the teachers desk is an antique from a different school, acquired in recent years, but behind it is the schools original map cabinet with maps dated 1892. Nearby is a fuel oil stove, which replaced an earlier coal-burning stove. A door in the north wall leads to the coal shed, which also contains a narrow cabinet once used to store art supplies. The rear of the classroom includes a cabinet added in the 1920s to house the school&#39;s library. A ceiling hatch nearby leads to an attic space, which includes a rope bell pull for the belfry.</p><br>
<p>Neither of the original two outhouses has survived, and the outhouse presently standing to the east of the school is a more recent structure not considered a contributing property to the National Register listing.</p><br>
<h2>Establishment</h2><br>
<p>Little specific information survives regarding the initial establishment of District No. 44 School. The number 44 had been used previously for a Traverse County school district, but it is unclear if it was located in Taylor Township or elsewhere before closing sometime prior to 1888. In 1891, however, an act of legislature reassigned the number to a new school to be built in Section 8 of Taylor Township. At that time the township had a population of 263 people. The building materials were delivered to the site but, for lack of available carpenters, hadnt been assembled as of mid-November that year. The little school was definitely complete and operating by April 1892, though, when the countys school superintendent wrote about how well it was progressing.</p><br>
<p>The schoolhouse was built on a standard design distinguished by its gable-roofed vestibule. Two other school buildings in Traverse County and at least five more elsewhere in Minnesota use a nearly identical plan.</p><br>
<h2>Use</h2><br>
<p>Like typical one-room schools, District No. 44 contained grades one through eight taught by a single teacher. District No. 44s inaugural school year of 1891–92 began with 18 students and a veteran teacher named Mr. Sansburn. Though the areas rural schools could range from as few as five to as many as 40 students, a student body numbering in the teens or twenties was most common. They would usually range from eight to 16 years old, but could be allowed as young as five and as old as 21.</p><br>
<p>Typical practises at the school involved a longer recess for first graders while the older students tackled advanced subjects like algebra and Shakespeare. Group singing was also common. Students who misbehaved were made to stay after school and clean the blackboards. A former student recalled having to memorize The Song of Hiawatha, drowning gophers in their burrows during recess, and dreading using the outhouse in winter. There was no well on the school grounds, so students took turns bringing water each day. The school had a very small library and the arrival of even a few new titles was cause for great excitement. Every Friday, the last period of the day was devoted to industrial arts, and many of the students&#39; woodworking, fabric projects, and posters were entered into competition at the county fair.</p><br>
<p>District No. 44 School also served as a community venue, hosting such events as school plays, picnics, and political meetings.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>In the mid-1940s the building was moved about 50 ft to the east—and rotated from its original orientation—to accommodate the widening of what is now USA Route 75. During this process the building was placed on railroad ties until a new foundation could be built in spring. Students that year recalled holding their feet up as much as possible because the floor was so cold.</p><br>
<p>However the days of one-room schoolhouses scattered across rural America were drawing to a close. Education officials and politicians were pushing for consolidation into fewer, larger schools. They argued that small rural schools were inefficient and substandard, though their actual attendees rarely considered them lacking. Minnesota had been gradually pushing for school consolidation throughout the early 20th century. In 1911 there were about 7,900 school districts in the state, of which 2,000 had fewer than 21 students. That number had only dropped to 7,600 by 1947, but in Traverse County, for example, 18 of its 60 school districts had already closed their schools and were busing the students to other districts.</p><br>
<p>Although Taylor Townships population remained steady, District No. 44 was closed in 1954. Its last teacher was Marieta Maudal. The following year the township purchased the building for use as a meeting hall. It was still being used as a meeting hall at the time of the buildings National Register nomination in 2011. Moreover, volunteers had recently rehabilitated the deteriorating structure. Each year many local students take field trips to the schoolhouse for a glimpse of how education used to be delivered.</p><br>
<p>Winfield is a populated place in Chaffee County, Colorado, United States.</p><br>
<p>It is estimated that as many as 1,500 people may have lived in Winfield at times in the past.</p><br>
<p>A marker on site reads "Winfield, at the junction of the north and south forks of Clear Creek, started off with some confusion," as shown in this article from the Chaffee County Times, August 12, 1881: Lucknow is the name given to the old town of Florence. Winfield is the name of the post office, so that it is a much named town. The town site, comprising 120 acres, was taken up by P. H. Symon, G. L. Brown, J. S. Sharpe, Dr. J. J. Smith, L. W. Clark and Thomas Leasure. It is laid off into lots of 50x100 which are free to all desiring to build. No soulless corporation about that. A cabin was built at Winfield as early as 1861 and some prospecting was done in the area in 1867, but Winfield reached its heyday in 1890 with an estimated population of fifteen hundred. At its prime, Winfield included three saloons, three stores, a post office, two hotels, a boarding house, mill, smelter, concentrator, church, and a school, which is now a museum containing school furnishings and displays. This museum is restored and operated by the Clear Creek Historical Society of Chaffee County. The Ball cabin across the street from the school house is also a museum of the mining era. The Silver market crash in 1893 halted the mining activity in Clear Creek Canyon. There was a resumption in the early 1900s; the last ore was hauled out of the canyon by two-horse stage in 1918."</p><br>
<p>The Nicholas Schoenenberger House and Barn is a historic residence located south of Winterset, Iowa, United States. Nicholas and Louisa  Schoenenberger were both natives of what is now Germany and acquired the title to this farm in 1856. He worked the land until the late nineteenth century, and died here in 1902. Since his death the house has been vacant for long periods of time. This house is an early example of a vernacular limestone farmhouse. The two-story gable structure is composed of locally quarried finished cut stone on the public facades, the quoins, and the jambs. Rubble stone is used on the other elevations. It also features dressed lintels and window sills. Because it is located on a south facing hillside, the house has a split-level appearance. Because it shares characteristics with other stone houses built in Madison County by local stonemason Caleb Clark, he may have been responsible for its construction. The lower level of the English-style barn is composed of coursed limestone rubble, and the upper level is composed of board-and-batten siding. It is located in a German-style hill setting. The house and barn were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The John Andrew and Sara Macumber Ice House is a historic building located on a farmstead southwest of Winterset, Iowa, United States. The Macumbers were natives of Gallia County, Ohio, and settled in Madison County in 1853. This building is a fine example of a vernacular limestone farm outbuilding. The single-story, one-room structure is composed of coursed rough cut stone on the main facade, and uncoursed rubble is used on the other elevations. It features quoins and jambs of roughly squared quarry faced stones on the main facade. There is a door on the south gable end, two metal ventilation pipes on the ridge of the roof, and no windows. Built sometime between 1875 and 1885, it is the only stone ice house known to exist in Madison County, and it is one of the few outbuildings built of stone. The ice house is located next to the garage, behind the house. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The John Williams House is a historic house located on Pond Road  in Mount Vernon, Maine. Built in 1827, this modest Cape is regarded for its high quality interior woodwork , and well-preserved stencilwork attributed to folk artist Moses Eaton. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 6, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house is located in the village center of Mount Vernon, on the west side of Pond Road a short way north of its junction with Main Street. It is a -story, wood-framed Cape, with a gabled roof, end chimneys, and clapboard siding. Its east-facing front facade is asymmetrical, with two window bays to the left of the centered entrance, and a projecting rectangular two-window box to its right. The entrance is flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters, and is topped by a large Federal style fan. Interior features include high-quality woodwork in the fireplace surround, which has pilasters and a pineapple motif, and stencilwork on many of its walls.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1827 by John Williams, a local cabinetmaker and builder. He was well known in the region, building several surviving houses, and was also known as a carriage maker. Examples of his furniture, built in a shop located adjacent to the house, has been displayed in the Maine State Museum. The stencilwork on the walls is attributed to folk artist Moses Eaton.</p><br>
<p>The Ludlow Graded School is a historic former school building at 10 High Street in the village of Ludlow, Vermont. Built in 1871–72, the school was for many years the primary school feeding the adjacent Black River Academy . The building now serves as a local senior services center. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Ludlow Graded School building stands on the south side of High Street, a short way west of the Ludlow village green. It is set between the former Black River Academy building (now a local history museum), and the Ludlow Baptist Church, separated from the road by the parking lot it shares with the academy building. It is a roughly L-shaped -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled main section facing toward the street and a cross-gabled ell extending to the east. In the crook of the L is the building&#39;s most prominent feature, a three-story square tower topped by a truncated hip roof with railing above. The main entrance is in the front of this tower, sheltered by a porch with a complex combination of shed and gabled roofs and supported by square posts. The main facade has pilastered corners and a central three-part window topped by a gabled pediment; most of the other building windows are sash.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in 1871–72, originally with a -story ell. The ell was raised to its present size in 1903. The tower is a replacement of an original tower, which featured a Second Empire-style mansard roof with cresting. The school was built on the first site of the Black River Academy, which burned in 1844, and replaced a district school (located elsewhere) that was also destroyed by fire. This school served the local community until 1938, when a new school was opened on the village outskirts. In the late 1970s, the building was adapted for use as a social services center. It is owned by the Black River Historical Society, which also owns the academy building.</p><br>
<p>The John S. and Elizabeth Beem Holmes Barn is a historic building located on a farm southwest of St. Charles, Iowa, United States. The Holmes&#39; settled in Madison County in 1854 from Indiana. Their initial 40 acre farm eventually expanded to a 350 acre. John Holmes farmed, raised livestock, and held several local offices in the community. This building is a fine example of a vernacular limestone farm building. The 1½-story structure is composed of large blocks of locally quarried finished cut stone. It is equivalent in height to a three-story building. There was an attempt some time ago to stucco the structure in order to preserve the stone, however, a storm a few hours after it was applied washed most of it off. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The James Allen Stone Barn is a historic building located on a farm southeast of Earlham, Iowa, United States. Allen acquired 280 acre in 1855, and is thought to have built this barn to house his draft stallions. The single-story, one-room structure is composed of locally quarried rubble stone. The entrance on the east side and a window on the west side both have arched openings. The interior had four stalls for the horses. Frame lean-tos were added to the north and south elevations at a later date. The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Peter and Isabelle McCulloch McQuie Milkhouse is a historic building located on a farm southwest of Earlham, Iowa, United States. The McQuies were natives of Scotland who immigrated to the US in 1857, and settled in Madison County in 1871. They bought a 320 acre farm that in time grew to 680 acre. This building is an early example of a vernacular limestone farm building. The single-story structure is composed of ashlar and rubble stone that might have been quarried at Parkins Quarry in Madison Township. Two-thirds of the building housed the milkhouse. The other third was separated from the milkhouse by a stone wall, and may have housed a hired man. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Aloha Camp is a summer camp for girls on Lake Morey in Fairlee, Vermont. Founded in 1905, it is the oldest girls&#39; camp in the state. Open to children aged 12 to 17, it offers outdoor activities, arts and nature programs, and wilderness camping opportunities. The camp season is divided into two sessions of 3-1/2 weeks, running from late June to mid-August. The camp property is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>Aloha Camp is located on central eastern Vermont, on the northwestern shore of Lake Morey, in the hills north of Fairlee village just west of the Connecticut River. It is laid out over 483 acre of land, divided in part by Lake Morey Road, which separates the bulk of the camp from its waterfront facilities. The camp layout is focused on the Main House and a number of activity buildings, with living quarters spread around the property. The Main House is an 1889 farmhouse, while the main activity buildings are repurposed agricultural outbuildings from the late 19th century. On the waterfront stands the Hale (pronounced in the Hawaiian manner, HAH-leh), an Adirondack style meeting hall with some Hawaiian stylistic touches.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The camp was founded in 1905 by Harriet Farnsworth Gulick and Edward Leeds Gulick, both of whom grew up in missionary families with a history of service. The camp was named "Aloha" from the Hawaiian word meaning "welcome" (among other definitions). Edward Gulick was born and raised in Honolulu, and it is from this upbringing that the camp acquires its Hawaiian touches. The camp was so successful that the Gulicks soon opened Aloha Hive Camp on Lake Fairlee, for girls from 7 to 12 and Aloha Club on the shore of Lake Katherine in Piermont, New Hampshire, for girls from 17 to 70 (now closed), and in 1922 Lanakila Camp for boys, also on Lake Morey. The camps were run by members of the Gulick family until 1968, when the Aloha Foundation was established to continue their legacy.</p><br>
<p>The William and Mary  Seerley Barn and Milkhouse-Smokehouse are historic buildings located on a farm southwest of Earlham, Iowa, United States. The Seerleys moved from Indiana and settled on their 200 acre farm in 1856, and built a log cabin the same year as their residence. They built a permanent home in 1861, and around the same time the combination milkhouse and smokehouse was built. The barn followed around 1876. These two buildings are early examples of well preserved agricultural building. The two rooms of the milkhouse-smokehouse sit at right angles from each other. The single-story structure is composed of finished cut rubble. It features a stone lined well, water troughs that cooled and stored dairy products, the smokehouse, and a covered outdoor work area where food was processed and laundry. The Sweitzer Pennsylvania barn is composed of native limestone on the lower level, and a heavy timber haymow with forebay on the upper level. It was built into the side of a south facing hill, and the forebay extends 8 ft on the south side. The buildings and the connecting stone walkway were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Webster County Courthouse is a "County Citadel" type courthouse with Second Renaissance Revival architecture that was built in 1914. It is one of ten Nebraska courthouses designed by William F. Gernandt. Its design is similar to Gernandt&#39;s for the Dawson County Courthouse, which was built during 1913–14. Both are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse is two stories tall with brownish brick (actually "Goldenrod Brick", from Omaha&#39;s Sunderland Brothers) walls, and with limestone trim. It sits on a raised basement made of rusticated brick and Bedford limestone.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP nomination describes the main architectural feature of the courthouse:</p><br>
<p>The architect has expanded upon a form he used for his Dawson County Courthouse, stone-trimmed brick arcades between pilasters. For the Webster County Courthouse the arcades have become the dominant design feature, and arcaded pavilions occur on the south, east, and west facades. The round-arched brick arcades trimmed in stone spring from stone capitals of relatively simple brick pilasters. The arcade consists of eight arches on the main facade, and three on the sides where it projects more from the wall surface than does the main arcade. Tall and slightly arched parapets have a dentiled stone course that follows this arched shape. Below is a metal cornice featuring mutules with a row of dentils below. The forms further call attention to the arcades.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register in 1981. It was deemed significant for its architecture and for its role "as the focal point for the administration of local government and institutions in Webster County. It is a good example of public architecture in the community and contains good examples of design features and facilities distinctive to its design and use as a courthouse."</p><br>
<p>It is one of a number of NRHP-listed properties associated with Willa Cather.</p><br>
<p>The Duff Barn is a historic building located on a farm north of Winterset, Iowa, United States. Silas Barnes bought 160 acres in 1847, and received the deed in 1850. Robert Duff bought 80 acres from him, and Samuel and Jeannie Duff bought that same parcel in 1870. Robert died in 1873 and Samuel in 1876. This barn was built by one of them, but it is unknown by which one. It was built with locally quarried limestone. It is attributed to David Harris because the following elements of his work are found here: a rectangle plan that is asymmetrically massed, two-against-one broken bond, and textured surfaces on the quoins, jambs and lintels. The barn was listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Winthrop Street Historic District encompasses a predominantly residential area of Augusta, Maine encapsulating about 100 years of residential home development. The area features high-quality and well-preserved examples of homes from the early 19th to early 20th centuries, as well as two churches and the Lithgow Library. The district occupies a roughly triangular area west of downtown Augusta and north of the state capitol district. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001, and enlarged slightly in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Winthrop Street Historic District is located on Augusta&#39;s west side, with portions of Winthrop and State Streets as its major through streets. The district extends west and south from the junction of these two roads, also including properties on side streets extending to the north of Winthrop and the east of State. It is roughly bounded on the southwest by properties on Green, Chapel, Court, and Chestnut Streets. It is about 100 acre in size, and includes 193 historic buildings. Ten of these have been previously listed individually on the National Register: the Fuller-Weston House, the Tappan-Viles House, the Gov. John F. Hill Mansion, the All Souls Church, the Dr. J.W. Ellis House, the Kennebec County Courthouse, the library, the Lot Morrill House, and the South Parish Congregational Church and Parish House. Stylistically, the buildings in the district range from the Federal period to the Colonial Revival, with fine examples of late Victorian residential architecture included. The size and scale also vary, from the grand Hill Mansion to more modest Federal period houses. The district was enlarged in 2008 by the addition of a single house, the 1830s Federal style house of merchant George Morton at 20 Spring Street.</p><br>
<p>The Winthrop Street area saw its earliest significant residential development between about 1830 and 1850, when the city experienced a construction boom following the decision to locate the state capitol and other major state facilities there. During this period, the two main roads became lined with houses, and some of the side streets were developed. Over the following century, development expanded to fill the undeveloped areas to the south and west, and along residential streets joining to other roads to the north and east. This development was spurred by the city&#39;s growth as an industrial and publishing center. Major development ended about 1915, with modest infill and redevelopment occurring in limited places within the district.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Marsh Law Office is a historic building at 72 Hartland Hill Road  in Woodstock, Vermont. Now a private residence, this moved and altered structure, built about 1797, is the oldest surviving example of a detached law office in the state. It was built for lawyer Charles Marsh, and is where his sons George Perkins Marsh and Lyndon Arnold Marsh trained for and/or practiced law. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Charles Law Office building stands on the north side of Hartland Hill Road, on the eastern outskirts of Woodstock village, just east of the junction with United States Route 4 (Pleasant and Woodstock Streets). The building now consists of a single-story hip-roofed structure, with two single-story ells telescoping to the rear. The building is finished in wooden clapboards, and the main block is a post-and-beam structure fashioned out of hand-hewn timbers. Its front facade is three bays wide, with the front entrance in the leftmost bay, sheltered by a simple gabled hood. A secondary entrance is located on the west side of the first ell, with an open porch for access. The building retains original builtin shelving and other fixtures from the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>When the main block was built about 1797, it was originally located nearer Woodstocks center, on Elm Street. It was moved a short distance in 1806, and in 1876 it was moved to eastern Pleasant Street, at which time it was converted from a law office into a grain store. In 1880 it was moved to its present location, and adapted for residential use. It was built for Charles Marsh, a prominent lawyer and politician of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Marsh trained two of his four sons, George Perkins Marsh and Lyndon Arnold Marsh, in the law, and the latter eventually took over his practice. George Perkins Marsh became well known as a politician and diplomat, and for his early writings on conservation and preservation of open spaces. (The Marsh House is a centerpiece of Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park, on Woodstocks north side.)</p><br>
<p>Aloha Hive Camp is a summer camp for girls on Lake Fairlee in West Fairlee, Vermont. Founded in 1915 as an expansion of Aloha Camp, it is open to girls aged 7 to 12, with two sessions between mid-June and late August. The camp operates on more than 400 acre, offering a variety of outdoor activities as well as a rich arts and crafts program. The camp facilities were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>Aloha Hive Camp is located in central eastern Vermont in the uplands west of the Connecticut River and south of Fairlee. Vermont Route 244 passes through the camp property, separating its upland areas from its waterfront. Its major facilities are located in the waterfront area, while residences (including large tents and cabins) are across the road, scattered on the hillside to the northwest. In addition to water-based sports, outdoor activities include tennis and horse riding, while indoor craft and other activities are conducted in buildings sprinkled around the campus. Many of the buildings are architecturally distinctive blends of Adirondack Rustic and Hawaiian bungalow style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Aloha Camp, located on nearby Lake Morey, was founded in 1905 by Harriet and Edward Gulick, both of whom grew up in missionary families with a history of service. The camp was named "Aloha" from the Hawaiian word meaning "welcome" (among other definitions). Edward Gulick was born and raised in Honolulu, and it is from this upbringing that the camp acquired its Hawaiian touches, which extend to the names of some of the buildings. The first camp was a great success, and the Gulicks acquired this property and opened the camp in 1915. It is the only one (out of four camps now operated by the Aloha Foundation) that is not based on a preexisting farmstead. The camp was operated by the Gulicks and then their descendants until 1968, when the foundation took over operations.</p><br>
<p>The Earlham Public School is a historic building located in Earlham, Iowa, United States. The town&#39;s name was chosen by the Quakers, who were the largest group of settlers in the community. They named it for Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana because they intended to establish a similar institution in the town. Fundraising got underway in 1869, and the following year plans were made to establish a public befitting a college town. Earlham Public School open in 1871. Jennings P. Osborn, a local builder, constructed the two-story structure of smooth-faced limestone that rests on rusticated limestone foundation. The building soon proved to be too small and a brick addition was added to the south side of the original building.</p><br>
<p>The college plans fell through because of a lack of financing. The Quakers founded Earlham Academy in 1892 hoping it would grow into a college, but it did not. They sold the building to the local public school in 1900, and they used it for a high school. This building was used by the elementary grades. School districts were consolidated in 1920 and a larger building that could accommodate all grades was built in Earlham. This building was used from that point as a Masonic lodge until it was converted into a local museum. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The North River Stone Schoolhouse is a historic building located north of Winterset, Iowa, United States. Built in 1874 of coursed native limestone, the one-room schoolhouse educated local students until it closed in 1945. The building features quoining on the four corners of the exterior, four windows capped with stone lintels on the east and west elevations, and an off-center doorway on the main  facade. From 1962 to 1973 the building was restored, and it opened as a school museum operated by the Madison County Historical Society. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Sprague, Brown, and Knowlton Store is a historic building located in Winterset, Iowa, United States. Built in 1866 to house a dry goods store, it is an early example of a vernacular limestone commercial building. The two-story structure is composed of locally quarried ashlar and rubble stone. It features chamfered quoins and jambs, and a bracketed stone cornice. Its construction has been attributed to local stonemason David Harris.</p><br>
<p>The White, Munger and Company Store is a historic building located in Winterset, Iowa, United States. Built in 1861 by Evan V. Evans who owned the property the building sits on, it is an early example of a vernacular limestone commercial building. The two-story structure is composed of locally quarried ashlar and rubble stone. It features a false front that hides the gable roof, a parapet with a bracketed stone cornice and cornice return. The storefront has subsequently been altered. White, Munger and Company operated a woolen mill east of town, and this store was associated with the mill. The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987,</p><br>
